The Vampire Diaries: The Fury Chapter Three

Elena and Damon were waiting in the darkroom. Stefan could sense their presence in the small annex as he pushed the door to the photography room open and led Matt inside. â€Å"These doors are supposed to be locked,† Matt said as Stefan flipped on the light switch. â€Å"They were,† said Stefan. He didn't know what else to say to prepare Matt for what was coming. He'd never deliberately revealed himself to a human before. He stood, quietly, until Matt turned and looked at him. The classroom was cold and silent, and the air seemed to hang heavily. As the moment stretched out, he saw Matt's expression slowly change from grief-numbed bewilderment to uneasiness. â€Å"I don't understand,† Matt said. â€Å"I know you don't.† He went on looking at Matt, purposefully dropping the barriers that concealed his Powers from human perception. He saw the reaction in Matt's face as uneasiness coalesced into fear. Matt blinked and shook his head, his breath coming quicker. â€Å"What-?† he began, his voice gravelly. â€Å"There are probably a lot of things you've wondered about me,† Stefan said. â€Å"Why I wear sunglasses in strong light. Why I don't eat. Why my reflexes are so fast.† Matt had his back to the darkroom now. His throat jerked as if he were trying to swallow. Stefan, with his predator's senses, could hear Matt's heart thudding dully. â€Å"No,† Matt said. â€Å"You must have wondered, must have asked yourself what makes me so different from everybody else.† â€Å"No. I mean-I don't care. I keep out of things that aren't my business.† Matt was edging toward the door, his eyes darting toward it in a barely perceptible movement. â€Å"Don't, Matt. I don't want to hurt you, but I can't let you leave now.† He could feel barely leashed need emanating from Elena in her concealment. Wait, he told her. Matt went still, giving up any attempt to move away. â€Å"If you want to scare me, you have,† he said in a low voice. â€Å"What else do you want?† Now, Stefan told Elena. He said to Matt, â€Å"Turn around.† Matt turned. And stifled a cry. Elena stood there, but not the Elena of that afternoon, when Matt had last seen her. Now her feet were bare beneath the hem of her long dress. The thin folds of white muslin that clung to her were caked with ice crystals that sparkled in the light. Her skin, always fair, had a strange wintry luster to it, and her pale gold hair seemed overlaid with a silvery sheen. But the real difference was in her face. Those deep blue eyes were heavy-lidded, almost sleepy looking, and yet unnaturally awake. And a look of sensual anticipation and hunger curled about her lips. She was more beautiful than she had been in life, but it was a frightening beauty. overlaid with a silvery sheen. But the real difference was in her face. Those deep blue eyes were heavy-lidded, almost sleepy looking, and yet unnaturally awake. And a look of sensual anticipation and hunger curled about her lips. She was more beautiful than she had been in life, but it was a frightening beauty. â€Å"Matt,† she said, lingering over the first consonant of the name. Then she smiled. Stefan heard Matt's indrawn breath of disbelief, and the near sob he gave as he finally backed away from her. It's all right, he said, sending the thought to Matt on a surge of Power. As Matt jerked toward him, eyes wide with shock, he added, â€Å"So now you know.† Matt's expression said that he didn't want to know, and Stefan could see the denial in his face. But Damon stepped out beside Elena and moved a little to the right, adding his presence to the charged atmosphere of the room. Matt was surrounded. The three of them closed in on him, inhumanly beautiful, innately menacing. Stefan could smell Matt's fear. It was the helpless fear of the rabbit for the fox, the mouse for the owl. And Matt was right to be afraid. They were the hunting species; he was the hunted. Their job in life was to kill him. And just now instincts were getting out of control. Matt's instinct was to panic and run, and it was triggering reflexes in Stefan's head. When the prey ran, the predator gave chase; it was as simple as that. All three of the predators here were keyed up, on edge, and Stefan felt he couldn't be responsible for the consequences if Matt bolted. We don't want to harm you, he told Matt. It's Elena who needs you, and what she needs won't leave you permanently damaged. It doesn't even have to hurt, Matt. But Matt's muscles were still tensed to flee, and Stefan realized that the three of them were stalking him, moving closer, ready to cut off any escape. You said you would do anything for Elena, he reminded Matt desperately and saw him make his choice. Matt released his breath, the tension draining from his body. â€Å"You're right; I did,† he whispered. He visibly braced himself before he continued. â€Å"What does she need?† Elena leaned forward and put a finger on Matt's neck, tracing the yielding ridge of an artery. â€Å"Not that one,† Stefan said quickly. â€Å"You don't want to kill him. Tell her, Damon.† He added, when Damon made no effort to do so, Tell her. â€Å"Try here, or here.† Damon pointed with clinical efficiency, holding Matt's chin up. He was strong enough that Matt couldn't break the grip, and Stefan felt Matt's panic surge up again. Trust me, Matt. He moved in behind the human boy. But it has to be your choice, he finished, suddenly washed with compassion. You can change your mind. he finished, suddenly washed with compassion. You can change your mind. â€Å"Matt,† she whispered, her heavy-lashed jewel blue eyes fixed on his. Then they trailed down to his throat and her lips parted hungrily. There was no sign of the uncertainty she'd shown when Damon suggested feeding off the paramedics. â€Å"Matt.† She smiled again, and then she struck, swift as a hunting bird. Stefan put a flattened hand against Matt's back to give him support. For a moment, as Elena's teeth pierced his skin, Matt tried to recoil, but Stefan thought swiftly, Don't fight it; that's what causes the pain. As Matt tried to relax, unexpected help came from Elena, who was radiating the warm happy thoughts of a wolf cub being fed. She had gotten the biting technique right on the first try this time, and she was filled with innocent pride and growing satisfaction as the sharp pangs of hunger eased. And with appreciation for Matt, Stefan realized, with a sudden shock of jealousy. She didn't hate Matt or want to kill him, because he posed no threat to Damon. She was fond of Matt. Stefan let her take as much as was safe and then intervened. That's enough, Elena. You don't want to injure him. But it took the combined efforts of him, Damon, and a rather groggy Matt to pry her off. â€Å"She needs to rest now,† Damon said. â€Å"I'm taking her someplace where she can do it safely.† He wasn't asking Stefan; he was telling him. As they left, his mental voice added, for Stefan's ears alone, I haven't forgotten the way you attacked me, brother. We'll talk about that later. Stefan stared after them. He'd noted how Elena's eyes remained locked on Damon, how she followed him without question. But she was out of danger now; Matt's blood had given her the strength she needed. That was all Stefan had to hang on to, and he told himself it was all that mattered. He turned to take in Matt's dazed expression. The human boy had sunk into one of the plastic chairs and was gazing straight ahead. Then his eyes lifted to Stefan's, and they regarded each other grimly. â€Å"So,† Matt said. â€Å"Now I know.† He shook his head, turning away slightly. â€Å"But I still can't believe it,† he muttered. His fingers pressed gingerly at the side of his neck, and he winced. â€Å"Except for this.† Then he frowned. â€Å"That guy-Damon. Who is he?† â€Å"My older brother,† Stefan said without emotion. â€Å"How do you know his name?† â€Å"He was at Elena's house last week. The kitten spat at him.† Matt paused, clearly remembering something else. â€Å"And Bonnie had some kind of psychic fit.† â€Å"She had a precognition? What did she say? â€Å"She said-she said that Death was in the house.† Stefan looked at the door Damon and Elena had passed through. â€Å"She was right.† Stefan looked at the door Damon and Elena had passed through. â€Å"She was right.† â€Å"Be like what?† Stefan said brutally. â€Å"Disoriented? A vampire?† Matt looked away. â€Å"Both.† â€Å"As for the first, she may become more rational now that she's fed. That's what Damon thinks anyway. As for the other, there's only one thing you can do to change her condition.† As Matt's eyes lit with hope, Stefan continued. â€Å"You can get a wooden stake and hammer it through her heart. Then she won't be a vampire anymore. She'll just be dead.† Matt got up and went to the window. â€Å"You wouldn't be killing her, though, because that's already been done. She drowned in the river, Matt. But because she'd had enough blood from me†-he paused to steady his voice-â€Å"and, it seems, from my brother, she changed instead of simply dying. She woke up a hunter, like us. That's what she'll be from now on.† With his back still turned, Matt answered. â€Å"I always knew there was something about you. I told myself it was just because you were from another country.† He shook his head again self-deprecatingly. â€Å"But deep down I knew it was more than that. And something still kept telling me I could trust you, and I did.† â€Å"Like when you went with me to get the vervain.† â€Å"Yeah. Like that.† He added, â€Å"Can you tell me what the hell it was for, now?† â€Å"For Elena's protection. I wanted to keep Damon away from her. But it looks as if that's not what she wanted after all.† He couldn't help the bitterness, the raw betrayal, in his voice. Matt turned. â€Å"Don't judge her before you know all the facts, Stefan. That's one thing I've learned.† Stefan was startled; then, he gave a small humorless smile. As Elena's exes, he and Matt were in the same position now. He wondered if he would be as gracious about it as Matt had been. Take his defeat like a gentleman. He didn't think so. Outside, a noise had begun. It was inaudible to human ears, and Stefan almost ignored it-until the words penetrated his consciousness. Then he remembered what he had done in this very school only a few hours ago. Until that moment, he'd forgotten all about Tyler Smallwood and his tough friends. Now that memory had returned; shame and horror closed his throat. He'd been out of his mind with grief over Elena, and his reason had snapped under the pressure. But that was no excuse for what he had done. Were they all dead? Had he, who had sworn so long ago never to kill, killed six people today? â€Å"Stefan, wait. Where are you going?† When he didn't answer, Matt followed him, half running to keep up, out of the main school building and onto the blacktop. On the far side of the field, Mr. Shelby stood by the Quonset hut. â€Å"Stefan, wait. Where are you going?† When he didn't answer, Matt followed him, half running to keep up, out of the main school building and onto the blacktop. On the far side of the field, Mr. Shelby stood by the Quonset hut. It looked like the Mad Slasher room from the Haunted House fundraiser. Except that this was no tableau set up for visitors. This was real. Bodies were sprawled everywhere, amid shards of wood and glass from the shattered window. Every visible surface was spattered with blood, red-brown and sinister as it dried. And one look at the bodies revealed why: each one had a pair of livid purple wounds in the neck. Except Caroline's: her neck was unmarked, but her eyes were blank and staring. Behind Stefan, Matt was hyperventilating. â€Å"Stefan, Elena didn't-she didn't-â€Å" â€Å"Be quiet,† Stefan answered tersely. He glanced back at Mr. Shelby, but the janitor had stumbled over to his cart of brooms and mops and was leaning against it. Glass grated under Stefan's feet as he crossed the floor to kneel by Tyler. Not dead. Relief exploded over Stefan at the realization. Tyler's chest moved feebly, and when Stefan lifted the boy's head his eyes opened a slit, glazed and unfocused. You don't remember anything, Stefan told him mentally. Even as he did it, he wondered why he was bothering. He should just leave Fell's Church, cut out now and never come back. But he wouldn't. Not as long as Elena was here. He gathered the unconscious minds of the other victims into his mental grasp and told them the same thing, feeding it deep into their brains. You don't remember who attacked you. The whole afternoon is a blank. As he did, he felt his mental Powers tremble like overfatigued muscles. He was close to burnout. Outside, Mr. Shelby had found his voice at last and was shouting. Wearily, Stefan let Tyler's head slip back through his fingers to the floor and turned around. Matt's lips were peeled back, his nostrils flared, as if he had just smelled something disgusting. His eyes were the eyes of a stranger. â€Å"Elena didn't,† he whispered. â€Å"You did.† Be quiet! Stefan pushed past him into the thankful coolness of the night, putting distance between him and that room, feeling the icy air on his hot skin. Running footsteps from the vicinity of the cafeteria told him that some humans had heard the janitor's cries at last. â€Å"You did it, didn't you?† Matt had followed Stefan out to the field. His voice said he was trying to understand. Stefan rounded on him. â€Å"Yes, I did it,† he snarled. He stared Matt down, concealing none of the angry menace in his face. â€Å"I told you, Matt, we're hunters. Killers. You're the sheep; we're the wolves. And Tyler has been asking for it every day since I came here.† Stefan rounded on him. â€Å"Yes, I did it,† he snarled. He stared Matt down, concealing none of the angry menace in his face. â€Å"I told you, Matt, we're hunters. Killers. You're the sheep; we're the wolves. And Tyler has been asking for it every day since I came here.† â€Å"Why should I?† said Stefan coldly, emptily. â€Å"Do you regret it when you eat too much steak? Feel sorry for the cow?† He saw Matt's look of sick disbelief and pressed on, driving the pain in his chest deeper. It was better that Matt stay away from him from now on, far away. Or Matt might end up like those bodies in the Quonset hut. â€Å"I am what I am, Matt. And if you can't handle it, you'd better steer clear of me.† Matt stared at him a moment longer, the sick disbelief transforming slowly into sick disillusionment. The muscles around his jaw stood out. Then, without a word, he turned on his heel and walked away. Elena was in the graveyard. Damon had left her there, exhorting her to stay until he came back. She didn't want to sit still, though. She felt tired but not really sleepy, and the new blood was affecting her like a jolt of caffeine. She wanted to go exploring. The graveyard was full of activity although there wasn't a human in sight. A fox slunk through the shadows toward the river path. Small rodents tunneled under the long lank grass around the headstones, squeaking and scurrying. A barn owl flew almost silently toward the ruined church, where it alighted on the belfry with an eerie cry. Elena got up and followed it. This was much better than hiding in the grass like a mouse or vole. She looked around the ruined church interestedly, using her sharpened senses to examine it. Most of the roof had fallen in, and only three walls were standing, but the belfry stood up like a lonely monument in the rubble. At one side was the tomb of Thomas and Honoria Fell, like a large stone box or coffin. Elena gazed earnestly down into the white marble faces of their statues on the lid. They lay in tranquil repose, their eyes shut, their hands folded on their breasts. Thomas Fell looked serious and a little stern, but Honoria looked merely sad. Elena thought absently of her own parents, lying side by side down in the modern cemetery. I'll go home; that's where I'll go, she thought. She had just remembered about home. She could picture it now: her pretty bedroom with blue curtains and cherrywood furniture and her little fireplace. And something important under the floorboards in the closet. She found her way to Maple Street by instincts that ran deeper than memory, letting her feet guide her there. It was an old, old house, with a big front porch and floor-to-ceiling windows in front. Robert's car was parked in the driveway. letting her feet guide her there. It was an old, old house, with a big front porch and floor-to-ceiling windows in front. Robert's car was parked in the driveway. But she wasn't going to be able to get in here without being noticed. A woman was sitting on the bed with Elena's red silk kimono in her lap, staring down at it. Aunt Judith. Robert was standing by the dresser, talking to her. Elena found that she could pick up the murmur of his voice even through the glass. â€Å"†¦ out again tomorrow,† he was saying. â€Å"As long as it doesn't storm. They'll go over every inch of those woods, and they'll find her, Judith. You'll see.† Aunt Judith said nothing, and he went on, sounding more desperate. â€Å"We can't give up hope, no matter what the girls say-â€Å" â€Å"It's no good, Bob.† Aunt Judith had raised her head at last, and her eyes were red-rimmed but dry. â€Å"It's no use.† â€Å"The rescue effort? I won't have you talking that way.† He came over to stand beside her. â€Å"No, not just that†¦ although I know, in my heart, that we're not going to find her alive. I mean†¦ everything. Us. What happened today is our fault-â€Å" â€Å"That's not true. It was a freak accident.† â€Å"Yes, but we made it happen. If we hadn't been so harsh with her, she would never have driven off alone and been caught in the storm. No, Bob, don't try to shut me up; I want you to listen.† Aunt Judith took a deep breath and continued. â€Å"It wasn't just today, either. Elena's been having problems for a long time, ever since school started, and somehow I've let the signs slip right past me. Because I've been too involved with myself-with us-to pay attention to them. I can see that now. And now that Elena's†¦ gone†¦ I don't want the same thing to happen with Margaret.† â€Å"What are you saying?† â€Å"I'm saying that I can't marry you, not as soon as we planned. Maybe not ever.† Without looking at him, she spoke softly. â€Å"Margaret has lost too much already. I don't want her to feel she's losing me, too.† â€Å"She won't be losing you. If anything, she'll be gaining someone, because I'll be here more often. You know how I feel about her.† â€Å"I'm sorry, Bob; I just don't see it that way.† â€Å"You can't be serious. After all the time I've spent here-after all I've done†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Aunt Judith's voice was drained and implacable. â€Å"I am serious.† From her perch outside the window, Elena eyed Robert curiously. A vein throbbed in his forehead, and his face had flushed red. â€Å"No, I won't.† â€Å"You don't mean it-â€Å" â€Å"I do mean it. Don't tell me that I'm going to change my mind, because I'm not.† For an instant, Robert looked around in helpless frustration; then, his expression darkened. When he spoke, his voice was flat and cold. â€Å"I see. Well, if that's your final answer, I'd better leave right now.† â€Å"Bob.† Aunt Judith turned, startled, but he was already outside the door. She stood up, wavering, as if she were unsure whether or not to go after him. Her fingers kneaded at the red material she was holding. â€Å"Bob!† she called again, more urgently, and she turned to drop the kimono on Elena's bed before following him. But as she turned she gasped, a hand flying to her mouth. Her whole body stiffened. Her eyes stared into Elena's through the silvery pane of glass. For a long moment, they stared at each other that way, neither moving. Then Aunt Judith's hand came away from her mouth, and she began to shriek.

Lawyer Ed Masry on a referral Essay

Erin Brockovich is a true American hero who’s icon status and â€Å"stick-to-it-iveness† only fuels her determination to expose injustice and lend her voice to those who do not have one. Erin Brockovich is a single mother, unemployed, struggling to make ends meet in a world not particularly kind to single moms. After a car accident leads her to seek legal redress, she meets lawyer Ed Masry on a referral. When he loses her lawsuit, she shows up at his office, demanding a job, barely hiding her desperation. Intimidated, Ed gives her one. By pursuing her own curiosity she brings on a difficult and huge case about PG&E. PG&E’s desire to increase its profits was so big that they didn’t even care about their neighbors’ health or security. In a world where heroes are often in short supply, the story of Erin Brockovich is an inspirational reminder of the power of the human spirit. Her passion, tenacity and steadfast desire to fight for the rights of the underdog defied the odds. Her victory made even more sweet by the fact that while helping others, she in turn helped herself. This story is not just a triumph of the little guy over the big nasty corporation, it’s the journey of one woman down the path of self-discovery as well. If only the world had more â€Å"Erin Brockoviches† in it, perhaps there would be more honesty in it. Profile of an extraordinary woman â€Å"She brought a small town to its feet and a huge corporation to its knees.† After watching the movie I realized that Erin’s public self was pretty much the same as her private self: she treated Ed, her boss in the same manner as she treated George, her boyfriend. Erin didn’t take crap from anybody but at times she did let her aggressions take over. Most of the time these hostilities would lead her in contempt, but in the long run usually worked out for the best. It was a good way to get her point across at times but from my perspective she could have approached some of these situations a little differently, for example the night Erin met George she could have asked him nicely to be quiet instead of chewing him out angrily, even after he tried repeatedly to apologize to her. She is aggressive and she loses her temper easily. Another example of this is point where Ed takes on a partner for advice and help with costs on the PG&E cases and when Erin walks in and finds out, she immediately feels offended and flies off the handle when she could have used a â€Å"pillow method† so to speak, to look at the situation from Ed’s point of view and realize that taking on this partner was in the best interests of the case. Incensed by what she has found, Erin begins a crusade to make Pacific Gas & Electric accountable for the illness and death that they have caused. Driven by her own persistence and desire to seek justice for the townspeople, Erin goes door to door to sign up over 600 plaintiffs for a direct-action lawsuit against PG&E. However, not everyone shares Erin’s enthusiasm to see justice done – with PG&E being the largest employer in the area, Erin finds a number of townspeople leery of rocking the boat. Nonetheless, Erin’s persistence and the personal interest she takes in their lives makes them listen. She is one of them. A kindred spirit and her ability to connect with them on their level makes them comfortable, ultimately earning their trust. She thrives on being the voice for those who don’t know how to yell. Along with trust and honesty comes respect. When a person is trusted and shown to be honest, that person is respected for those reasons. Erin experiences respect of her for the first time with the community of Hinkley. Once she knows how it feels to be respected, she realizes how valuable that asset can be: â€Å"For the first time in my life, I’ve got people respecting me. When I walk into a room, people shut up to see if I have anything to say. I never had that before. Please, don’t ask me to give that up.† Erin was also respected for her compassion and selflessness. She genuinely cared about every single victim of P.G. & E.’s lie. She proved this fact when Theresa said Erin’s files needed some holes filled in and Erin recited from memory all the information Theresa wanted and more. Someone who doesn’t have compassion and caring for the townspeople of Hinkley would not have been able to do that. When Erin is hired there is some internal grumbling at the law firm, as a number of Erin’s co-workers resent her outspoken personality and questionable style of dress. She talks in a non-polite way, she always goes straight to her point and she is not afraid of saying what’s in her mind, she is brutally honest: â€Å"That’s all you got, lady. Two wrong feet and ugly shoes!† She also loves ironies: â€Å"I just went out there and performed sexual favors†. Erin is always able to get the evidences she needs by using the means she has, she is extremely confident.

Assignment as

As part of the network security team, we will be proving IDI with a network security plan to mitigate the vulnerabilities that have been discovered. A secure site will be set up with network intrusion detection and network protection systems will be available to access via the internal network. Policies will be presented for remote access and the use of VPN. Also contained within this report will be strategies for hardening the network and mitigating risks. An updated network layout with increased network security to meet the current needs will be included. In the interest of business continuity, remote access will be utilized. User wishing access to internal network assets will only be able to access said assets with the use of a company issued laptop. We will make use of MAC address filtering to allow remote users access to the internal network via VPN. Each of the remote access laptops will have been loaded with VPN and have the MAC address added to the list on the MAC address filter. Users will be able to login to the VPN by using their local username and password. By making use of a VPN connection, users should be able to easily access the network assets. VPN connections are protected by SSL encryption which provides communication security over the internet. Each of the remote access laptops will be encrypted with McAfee safeboot encryption and all local data will remain encrypted until a valid login is entered. McAfee safeboot encryption requires additional login information to access the IDI internal network. At the present there is one web server for employees to access both internal and external sites. The network security team will be integrating a web server located within the internal network. This Web server will be accessible only from within IDI’s local area network. We will be using the layered security concept to protect IDI’s internal servers. An (IDS) intrusion detection system will be set up to send out alerts in the event of an intrusion and log all connections. An (IPS) intrusion prevention system will be set up to prevent the detected intrusions and will make use of MAC address filtering to deny or allow connections based off the MAC address or physical address of each machine. MAC address filtering will allow the servers to accept incoming traffic from predetermined hosts. To further secure the local area network, the network security team will be implementing the principle of least privilege in regards to the users. By using the principle of least privilege we will be preventing multiple forms of malicious or accidental risks by only giving the user the permissions and privileges necessary to complete their job. Microsoft’s default security software is commonly used and well known making the vulnerabilities well known, which would make it easier for a hacker to plan out an attack. Third party antivirus\malware and firewall software will be used on all machines. The servers located within the network will make use of a statefull firewall to monitor and filter all traffic on the network by scanning for congruence between data packets. The public facing servers used to connect the internal webserver to the customer website are contained within the demilitarized zone. Due to the demilitarized zones proximity to the wide area network, we will be taking a layered security approach. There will be a statefull firewall located between the router and the demilitarized zone. This firewall will protect the internal network via the LAN-to-WAN connection by performing in-depth packet inspection and closely monitoring the LAN’s inbound and outbound traffic. A stateless physical firewall device will be in place between the internet service provider and the demilitarized zone. This firewall hardware will allow for larger amounts of inbound and outbound traffic. The demilitarized zone will make use of both an IDS and IPS to handle any intrusions within this part of the network. Current IDI Network Weaknesses/vulnerabilities Logisuite 4. 2.2 has been installed 10 years ago, has not been upgraded, however over 350 modifications have been made, and license is expired RouteSim- The destination delivery program is used to simulate routes, costs and profits , it is not integrated into Logisuite or oracle financials to take advantage of the databases for real-time currency valuation and profit loss projections IDI needs to standardize office automation hardware and software currently there are about 600 workstations , 200 HP, 150 Toshibas, 175 IBM, 50 dell, rest are apple PowerBooks without CAD software available Software ranges from various antique word processing packages of which are incompatible for integration with each other, causing transfer of files to become corrupt when opened by incompatible software Polices exist that prohibit the introduction of personal devices, many executives have had administrators install clients on their unsupported non-standard personal laptops, pcs, ws that interface with internet with little or no personal protection WAN was designed by MCI in early 2000’s which has not been upgraded since data rate increases have occurred in Asia and Brazil has been distressed. Between September and March (peak hours) capacity is insufficient, customers are lost due to dropped connections and abandoned shopping baskets, further reducing growth and revenue Telecommunications – limited Mitel SX-2000 private automatic branch exchange (PABX) that only provides voicemail and call forwarding Current IDI Strengths Sao Paulo is presently the strongest link in the chain. Sao Paulo Brazil is a model of standardization; all other sites will be modeled after this site. The Sao Paulo office includes the following setup 30 MS windows for file and print 4 Linux (Unix) servers for major production applications 2 Linux (Unix) servers with the internet zone with juniper high-speed switches and routers A storage area network based on EMC CLARiiON SAP R/3(ECC6-Portal based apps) Up-to-date security policies although in Spanish The telephone system provided by SP Telesis- one of the four competing providers in the metropolitan city The NEC NEAX 2400 Series PABX used for internal and external communications

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Law - Essay Example However, the introduction of numerous statutory instruments and the principles of Judicial Interpretation place restrictions on the use of exclusion clauses. Another aspect of legal disputes in commercial contracts involve the situation where there is damage to property that belongs to one of the parties in the contract after an order is placed. There is a question of which is liable for damage. This paper is in two parts based on the question in the scenario. The first part examines the effectiveness of a clause that AOL has integrated into the contract which excludes liability for several things and how this can be used to relieve AOL for misrepresentation. The second part examines the obligations that AOL owes to Shoeground Ltd in view of shoes that they ordered which have been damaged. PART 1 1.1 Issue The question requires that we examine the ability of Clause 3 to be used to exclude responsibility for misrepresentations. In doing this, there is the need to examine some importan t things: 1. The appropriateness of the use of Clause 3 as an Entire Agreement Clause and what intervening Statutes and Judicial practices can affect the use of the Clause to exclude liabilities for misrepresentations. ... The Misrepresentation Act of 19675, as amended by the Unfair Contract Terms Act 19776 restricts the possibility of using exclusion clauses to limit liability for misrepresentation. Section 3 of the Misrepresentation Act states that if a term in a contract excludes liability for misrepresentation, any remedy available to the other party by reason of such misrepresentation, that term shall have no effect unless it satisfies the requirements of reasonableness in Section 11 (1) of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. This means that in an event of a misrepresentation by one party in a contract, that party cannot rely on any exclusion clause to prevent his liability for misrepresentation. In Overbrooke V Glencombe7 it was held that the need of a principal to disclose restraint of the authority of his agents were not enough to prevent him from the effects of Section 3 of the Misrepresentation Act. This is because the principal stated that he was not responsible for the representations of hi s agents. The court held that the agents were acting in his name as such, the inclusion of a clause limiting their involvement did not make him exempt from Section 3 of the Act. The principal was held liable. However, in some instances, an exclusion clause for liability for misrepresentation could be accepted by the court if it is reasonable. The reasonableness test is laid out in Section 11 (1) of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. First of all, the exemption clause should have been reasonable enough to have intended the terms are the time of the contract8. This means that the term might have been in a way that a reasonable person could have inferred its impact and invested sufficient efforts to do diligent checks. Secondly, the exemption clause for misrepresentation

An Amplified Terms of Reference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

An Amplified Terms of Reference - Essay Example The paper evaluates the views in three articles to determine the probable choice for a small private physician. The articles cover the benefits and the challenges facing the implementation of EHRs. Key points covered include the probability of quality healthcare, and patients’ privacy. Evaluation of the articles results reveal that implementation of medical health records would be advantageous to a private physician. 1. Background, Sponsor and Problem AT& T organization is a very busy public hospital whose main business is to offer orthopedic services. Due to the large number of customers visiting the hospital every day, the medical records for all the patients continue to pile, considering that the same medical information is being filed manually. Because of this, the Front Office Receptionist continues to have a hard time each day trying to manually open the different folders carrying patients’ the files. Being as hard as that, it implies that the delivery of the serv ices in the hospital does not occur in a satisfactory manner (Selg & Rihel, 2007). The problem of doing the service delivery manually in the hospital has had far-stretching effects to both the hospital and the clients. For the hospital, the slow service delivery has constantly jeopardized the customer relations aspect of the organization. This is because when a client visits the hospital and takes the whole day waiting for the staff to retrieve his or her files and go through the records, next time, he or she will opt to a different hospital. For the clients on the other hand, someone with a critical health condition may not be saved just because his or her medical records are lost. Therefore, the absence of efficient medical coding can worsen the conditions of the patient. The problem resulting from the absence of medical coding system in the hospital mainly affects the Front Office Receptionist. This is because the front office receptionist is the person who is responsible for the production of the medical information for the different clients getting into the hospital. There are a lot of consequences if the problem is ignored. By ignoring the problem, it is very likely that the service delivery in the hospital will continue to be slow. The amount of work for the front office receptionist will continue to increase, and become too much for him or her. This means that the receptionist will be straining each day, trying to serve all the clients. This is not healthy for the receptionist. The hospital will generate less than the expected income. This is because it will not serve the clients in a proper rate (Heerkens, 2002). Voice of the Customer Analysis or Market Analysis is also evident as far as this problem is concerned. With the absence of the medical coding equipment in the hospital, the customers continue to complain that they do not receive the services in a satisfactory manner. Some complain that their records occasionally get lost. Others say that they have to queue for long hours before they can be attended to, while other still complain of their medical documents which have been torn or soiled. 2. Practical Outcomes for Client The research method used is the analysis of some case article evaluating the health sector in the United States. EHRs method of storing patient information will assist the medical institutions enhance their control over the revenue. Revenue enables organizations

Pros and cons of outsourcing Human Resource Managment Functions Research Paper

Pros and cons of outsourcing Human Resource Managment Functions - Research Paper Example Organizations turn to outsourcing to slash their operational costs and improve financial position. Human resource outsourcing aims at reducing expenses by relegating official work to countries that provide HRM services at the fraction of what a company will pay at its home base (Ivancevich, 2004). European and North American companies are the main proponents of HRM outsourcing as they face the biggest challenge of financial constraints and relatively high turnover rates, despite the increasing recession. The top management finds it much easier to transfer the employee hiring and management duties to an outside vendor that might have its operational base in some other country or region. The basic function of a HRM vendor is to recruit and manage employees while freeing the client of this daunting task. The company can divert its attention to improving its financial performance or introducing new technology or working procedures, among other things. The less pressure on the client company over the management of employees and the associated financial burdens, thus, results in a better performance and greater efficiency (Mullins, 2007). The critics of HRM outsourcing, however, opine that divesting the employee management system to an outsider vendor can damage the reputation of a company. Additionally, it can also result in a breach of privacy as the outside vendor can delve deeper into the company procedure and hand it over to a rival company. They also say that transferring the salary and other accounting system to an outsider company might pave way for financial embezzlement, among other things. The biggest advantage of HRM outsourcing is the relative financial improvement and increased efficiency of a company. Human resource issues consume a lot of money, energy, and time of a company management as they get involved in the employees’ matters and waste their precious time that they can use in matters that are more useful. Along with the wastage of

Meniscus Injuries and MRI Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Meniscus Injuries and MRI - Research Paper Example This means that in some anatomical locations, some tear will heal quickly even spontaneously, and in some types of tears, healing would need surgical interventions (Ballas & Stillman, 2009). Therefore, prior diagnosis of the location, disposition, depth, orientation, and extent of the meniscal tear becomes of utmost importance, since this would facilitate the optimum treatment and outcomes within the shortest possible time. This specific dilemma has two parts, one questionable accuracy magnetic resonance imaging studies and failure of appropriate interpretation of the images to lead to a definitive diagnosis unequivocally (Luhmann, Schootman, Gordon, & Wright, 2005). On the other hand, delay for allowance of development of suggestive clinical signs or symptoms may lead to permanent damage. Before going into the details of these issues, it would thus be necessary to establish the facts that are known in each of these issues with an attempt to find relevance between these two, so the evidence base may be available for guiding practice. This issue has been dealt with in adequate detail in prior researches, and thus there is a need for extended literature review to glean what is known. Apart from establishing evidence from the known, it would also serve the purpose of identification of the gaps, so further research may be conducted on these suggestions. Rationale of the Literature Review Mesiha et al. (2006) indicated the tricky nature of human meniscal healing following injury. It has been observed that meniscus often fails to heal when the injury has caused a tear of more than 1 cm. similar phenomena have been observed when the tear involves the internal two-thirds of the meniscus (Mesiha, Zurakowski, Soriano, Nielson, Zarins, & Murray, 2006). Menetrey and colleagues (2002) reported failure of healing of peripheral meniscal tears. The failure of recognition of meniscal tears is so rife that, some authors suggested very high meniscal repair failure rates (Menetrey, Siegrist, & Fritschy, 2002). As Venkatachalam et al. (2001) indicated the healing failure may be very high since many patients remain asymptomatic even with an existing tear of the meniscus (Venkatachalam, Godsiff, & Harding, 2001) . It can be deduced from these studies that although magnetic resonance imaging is available as a diagnostic imaging modality for meniscal injuries, it is questionable whether routine magnetic resonance imaging would be advisable for all suspected cases of meniscal injury or whether in all such cases even after the imaging is done, it would be rational for a radiologist to interpret the image in order to arrive at a diagnosis. Research Question This leads to the research question for this study which is whether routine magnetic resonance imaging for all suspected cases of meniscal tears is optimal, appropriate, or necessary diagnostic modality If it

Change is a feature of modern life; discuss and critically analyse how Essay

Change is a feature of modern life; discuss and critically analyse how a nurse can manage change in order to deliver effective patient care - Essay Example The presentation of current conditions regarding the above issue is also followed with views of literature on the specific subject with an effort to choose and evaluate the most appropriate model for the presentation of the nurse-patient relationship as been formulated under the influence of change in the internal and the external organizational environment. Change management is the process [1] of developing ‘a planned approach to change in an organization’. In this context it can be assumed that its main objective is ‘to maximize the collective benefits for all people involved in the change and minimize the risk of failure of implementing the change’. For the above reasons, it has been found that the discipline of change management ‘deals primarily with the human aspect of change, and is therefore related to pure and industrial psychology’. There are several theories referring to the role and the structure of change management, the most known of which is that of Lewin. Lewin’s theory of force field analysis (Lewin 1951) is widely used in change management and can be used to help understand most change processes in organisations. In force field analysis change, is characterised as ‘a state of imbalance between driving forces (e.g. new personnel, changing markets, new technology) and restraining forces (e.g. individuals fear of failure, organisational inertia)’. Moreover, in order to achieve change ‘towards a goal or vision three steps are required: Third, once the change is complete the forces are brought back into quasi-equilibrium and re-frozen’. The above theory although explains the role of secondary forces in an organizational environment does not offer an adequate explanation regarding the criteria on which the ‘frozen, de-frozen’ procedures are going to be based. Moreover, it has been

Strategic planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic planning - Essay Example Apart from UK, Next plc has major operational bases in Sri Lanka, India, and China. As of last year, the revenue of the organisation stood at GBP 3.7 billion while registering GBP 695 million in pre-tax profits (Next plc, 2014). Apart from its well-organised workforce, the operations of the enterprise mainly depend on its sound business model, which appreciates the input of all the stakeholders involved, including the customers and shareholders. Next plc assures its shareholders of extensive returns that come in the form of sustainable growth in earnings, shares and cash disbursements (Next plc, n.d). To the customers, the organisation routinely develops a broad range of classy products that gratify the needs of children and adults across both genders. Next plc has made it simple for its customers to make purchases, as they have the provision of making both online orders and payments. Most of the deliveries are often made within a twenty-four hour period, with the online platform serving customers in over seventy nations. Over and above, the administrators of the o rganisation run the business in a responsible manner, taking into consideration all the environmental, social, and ethical aspects of the market. The fluctuation of the global market makes it mandatory for businesses to be malleable and ready to adapt to alterations. These changes are routinely achieved in the form of business policies that are adapted by the management and employees of the entity involved (Bensoussan et al. 2013, pg. 317). The next segment of the essay aims to use various strategic tools to make sense of most of the methodologies employed by Next plc in an attempt to ensure that it habitually realizes its business objectives, and remains relevant for a considerable duration. The pestle tool has often been appreciated across several industries because it provides businesses with the opportunity to understand the political, economic,

Models Comparison of Learning Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Models Comparison of Learning Theories - Essay Example On the other hand, the humanism theories perceive learning to be a process that is initiated by an individual in an attempt to fulfill their potential. This paper draws a comparison between the hierarchy of needs theory by Abraham Maslow, social learning theory by Albert Bandura and the attribution theory by Bernard Weiner. The three learning theories are based on certain assumptions. According to Bandura’s social learning theory, a change in behavior is the indicator of learning. It is grounded on the assumption that learning is largely influenced by the environment; this indicates that people learn through observing others. In addition, this theory agrees with the cognitive learning theory by emphasizing that the mental state of an individual is an integral part of the learning process. On the other hand, the attribution theory as developed by Weiner assumes that people have the tendency of determining causes of certain situations or behaviors. It deals with the cognitive processes and their influence on learning. It also observes that learning involves an integration of old knowledge and the new one. The attribution theory is founded on the view that people endeavor to attribute causes to behaviors. Finally, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory assumes that people desire to satisfy their needs in a systematic and hierarchical manner, such that when one need is satisfied when a person desires to satisfy a higher need in the hierarchy. Maslow came up with a pyramid made up of five levels of needs to be met hierarchically. According to Abraham Maslow (1943), the people’s needs fall into five categories. These needs are met consecutively, with one need being satisfied after the other. The physiological needs are the first to be satisfied followed by safety needs, love/belonging needs, esteem needs, and finally, self-actualization needs. According to Maslow, what people need is a positive self-regard in order to achieve in their engagements.

Analyzing the Marketing Mix Strategy of Apple Inc Essay Example for Free

Analyzing the Marketing Mix Strategy of Apple Inc Essay Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation that designs and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and personal computers Over the last decade, Apple has redefined the music business through the iPod, the cellphone business through the iPhone and the entertainment and media world through the iPad. Its software includes the Mac OS X operating system, the iTunes media browser; the iLife suite of multimedia and creativity software, the iWork suite of productivity software, iTunes, a proprietary media player application that works with iTunes store and allow customers to download music and offers other features of consumer electronics, the Safari web browser, and iOS, a mobile operating system. During the past 36 years, Apple has become a famous brand that technology of the world known and highly admired by the ingenious strategy, modern and sleek design, and always bring the products to satisfy consumers. Understanding how to think of Apple as product design, promotion, price and how to distribute it to customer that helps us to see the direction and shape of products that the company will launch in the near future. There have been few studies about Marketing Strategy of Apple Inc such as Maketing Fundamental Project (Christine, 2010),Marketing Mix of Apple Inc. Norm, 2012), Marketing Mix: Apple iPod (Angela, 2009), Accounting and Financial Analysis (Sachitanand, Denisa Alcides, 2008), External and Internal Factors on Apple Inc. (David, 2008) Apple and CEO Steve Jobs is enjoying the glory days in recent years by reputation and the success of the blockbuster iPhone, iPad, and MacBook Air.. However Apples not perfect in every way. In fact, the company also has great disadvantages need to improve in the future. What are the weaknesses of Apple that their opponents could exploit? There is little information of the customer’s feedback about the same mistakes of the products that have not been overcome by Apple Inc such as: No new design: a way of repeating the design of the 3G and 3G versions, ip4 and ip4s version, and the newest is ipad 2 and the new ipad design that a reason to make many people were disappointed because Apple did not release a new product is completely different design than the old version. With Ipod Gen 4, IP4s and The New Ipad products are common defects about low battery and overheat when using constantly 1 hour for playing game and searching web with Wifi and 3G. So far, Apple Inc. has some explanations but not yet for solution to the problem. They claim that ongoing research and promises to be a solution in the nearest time. Before success can not deny of Apple product and research to find out the cause of success is significant for managers. Especialy, when we is preparing to step into the process of global integration with the world economy. The prupose of this report is to determine whether competitive strategy can be attractive more tastes of customers, and this present paper is aimed at: â€Å"The Marketing Mix Strategy of Apple Inc. † It is hoped that information from this study may be useful in identifying the right product must be exhibited to right people at the right place, right price and right time.

Byzantine vs. Roman Empire Essay Example for Free

Byzantine vs. Roman Empire Essay The Byzantine Empire actually ruled under the Roman Empire until Its demise In AD 476. Both of these empires were located near the Mediterranean Sea and both had a written set of laws. Emperor contanune the First converted to chrlstlanlty after ordering his soldiers to put a cross on their shields and then being victorious in battle. After his conversion, he united the military power of Rome with the young Roman Catholic Church. Because of this union he was able to conquer much of the known world at he time. In the Byzantine Empire, Christianity and the differing ideas about it caused great conflict. When the idea of religious icons came about, Emperor Leo Ill created Iconoclasm, which permitted the smashing of these religious icons. The events following the creation of Iconoclasm showed how distant the church was from the government. Eventually the quarrel led to the separation of the Catholic Church from the Eastern Christian Church, known as the Great Schism. This resulted in the Orthodox Church. Despite the differences in the effects that Christianity had on each Empire, it is clear that in both societies, religion was always in opposition with the government. There were many factors that led to the decline of both the Roman and the Byzantine Empires. In Rome, the empire simply became too large. They had to resort to using mercenaries to defend their excess land, but they often rebelled against the government. The separation of the empire into east and west also proved to be detrimental to the empire. The western side, the Romans, was defeated by Germanic barbarians who unseated their last emperor, a 14 year old boy, In AD 476. Although the Eastern Roman Empire, Byzantium, survived for another 1,000 years, Its Inevitable demise came about through the arrival of the Bubonic Plague, which was only the first crisis that moved the empire towards collapse. Byzantium was also constantly faced with military challenges from outside Invaders, and the Great Schism eliminated any possibility of outside help. The Byzantines used a multitude of tactics to try to keep enemies away, but the empire eventually fell to the Ottoman Turks In 1453. Both the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire held an alarming amount of xternal enemies, which undoubtedly was crucial In the demise of the empires; however It was mainly Internal conflicts that destroyed both empires. Justinian ended up winning back a large part of the territory Ancient Rome had ruled at i ts height, including Italy and parts ot Spain and Nort Roman and the Byzantine Empires differed in a multitude of ways despite their direct link to each other, they were also similar in their location, their religious opposition to the government, and their severe internal problems.

The Theory of Comfort by Katherine Kolcaba

The Theory of Comfort by Katherine Kolcaba The Theory of Comfort by Katherine Kolcaba is middle range theory. Middle range theories contain a limited number of concepts and have a more limited scope. However, Kolcabas Theory of Comfort is classified as a high middle range theory making it a more general and abstract theory. Making it closely related to a Grande Theory which is very abstract and general and can be applied to a variety of experiences and responses (McEwen Wills, 2011). This is very true for The Theory of Comfort as many articles have been written adapting the theory to multiple scopes of nursing. Middle range theories include something specific related to nursing practice such as a situation or condition of a patient or patient population. Middle range theories also take into account the populations age and location when working on the development of a theory. A middle range theory also includes an intervention, proposed outcome, or an action of the nurse. Middle range theories are developed by interpreting and observing lived experiences with a relation to health and nursing (Tomey Alligood, 2002). In Katherine Kolcabas Theory of Comfort she spent much time examining the relationships and outcomes of patients in relation to comfort. Context Katherine Kolcaba originally wrote the Theory of Comfort with Alzheimers and dementia patients in mind. However, Katherine herself has co-written multiple articles about other scopes of nursing related to her theory. Two recent articles were written applying her theory to perianesthesia nursing and hospice nursing (Kolcaba Wilson, 2002 and Vendlinski Kolcaba, 1997).When Kolcaba was developing her theory she utilized logical reasoning. She utilized induction, deduction, reduction. Kolcaba utilized a preexisting framework as her antecedent. The framework was written by Henry Murray (Tomey Alligood, 2002), it was from a book entitled Explorations in Personality. Henry A. Murray was a professor of psychology at Harvard University; he received the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award from the American Psychological Association and the Gold Medal Award for lifetime achievement from the American Psychological Foundation. When it first came out in 1938, this book had a provocative and insightful effect, urging psychologists to study personality holistically and in depth and emphasizing the complex interactions between individual, social, and cultural characteristics. Salvatore R. Maddi, Professor, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine (Explorations in Personality, 2007). This was a very good starting point for the theory as comfort is best achieved through holistic treatment. She also began with a concept analysis of the term, comfort. Katherine Kolcaba gathered the definition, of comfort from many different disciplines. Within The Theory of Comfort the metaparadigm proposition of nursing actions is utilized (Kolcaba, 2001). This is evident in this theory because it is built around evaluating for the lack of comfort and then reevaluating the patient to calculate the success of any implementations made or actions taken. Katherine Kolcaba utilizes the all four of the metaparadigm concepts: nursing, patient, environment, and health. In nursing there is an assessment of comfort needs, actions to promote comfort, and then the reassessment of comfort levels. The assessment and reassessment can be either subjective or objective. The patient can be an individual or their family. The environment is any part of the patients surroundings that can be manipulated by the nurse to enhance the patients comfort. Finally, health is the optimum functioning of the patient (Tomey Alligood, 2002).The author believes that Kolcaba does utilize all four of the metaparadigm because the patient is the center. The nurse is essential because the nurse provides the care to increase the comfort. The environment also plays an essential role in this theory as comfort or discomfort can be found in the patients environment. Finally the author believes that when all of these three are in cooperation to create comfort the patient wil l then have an increase in their health. The philosophical claim that The Theory of Comfort is based on is human needs. There are two core components of this philosophy. There first is the motivational drive that is behind human behavior. The second is the force driven by social and cultural politics that influences the patients expectations. Patients comfort needs are driven by their expectations of competent and holistic nursing care (Kolcaba, 2001). The world view that fits The Theory of Comfort most concisely is the reciprocal world view this fits well because human beings are active and holistic. Humans interact with their environment and this interaction may lead to pain, displeasure, or comfort. Humans learn from their experiences and this leads them to the ability to make decisions that can keep them in a more comfortable environment. Content The Theory of Comfort has six basic concepts: health care needs, nursing interventions, intervening variables, patient comfort, health seeking behaviors, and institutional integrity (Kolcaba, 2001). Health care needs are defined as the need for comfort that comes from stressful health care situations. The types of needs that can arise are: physical, psychospiritual, social, and environmental, these are the same terms that Kolcaba uses to evaluate the effectiveness. These needs are made apparent through close monitoring (Tomey Alligood, 2002). Nursing interventions are defined as the commitment of nursing and health care institutions to promote comfort care and meet the comfort needs of patients (Kolcaba, 2001). Intervening variables is anything that affects the outcome (Kolcaba, 2001). Some possible variables include: past experience, age, attitude, emotional state, support system, prognosis, and finances (Tomey Alligood, 2002). Patient comfort is defined as, immediate state of bei ng strengthened by having needs met in 4 contexts of human experience, (physical, psychospiritual, social, and environmental) (Kolcaba, 2001). Health seeking behaviors is defined as, the pursuit of health as defined by the recipient, in consultation with the nurse, (Tomey Alligood, 2002). Instructional integrity is an institution that possess qualities of completeness, honesty, sincerity and is also appealing (Tomey Alligood, 2002). Katherine Kolcaba has a total of six propositions that outline her theory of comfort. The first of the six is that a nurse identifies the comfort needs that have not yet been identified by the patients other support systems. The second proposition is that the nurse is then responsible for designing interventions to address those unmet needs of the patient. The third is taking into account the variables that could affect the intervention that has been proposed to help the patient. The forth proposition by Kolcaba is that once the comfort is met or achieved that patients are encouraged to engage in health seeking behaviors. The fifth proposition is that once a patient has been strengthened and are participating in health seeking behaviors they are then more satisfied with their health care. The last proposition of The Theory of Comfort is when a patient is satisfied with their health care in a particular institution that institution retains its integrity (Kolcaba, 2001). All six of the propositions are relational in the streamline. All six of the propositions have to take effect for the patient to be brought to an acceptable level of comfort with that level of comfort being maintained for an extended period of time. All six of Katherine Kolcabas propositions are relational as they are a streamlined reevaluating process that depends on all parts for success and structurally necessary to have holistic health. Katherine Kolcaba has listed four major assumptions in her Evolution of the Theory of Comfort. The first is human beings have holistic responses to complex stimuli (Kolcaba, 2001). The second is that comfort is a desirable holistic outcome that is relevant to the discipline of nursing. The third is, it is an active endeavor to meet and maintain comfort. The fourth and final assumption is that institutional integrity has a large component that is based on a patient oriented value system (Kolcaba, 2001). Katherine Kolcabas diagramed conceptual model consists of the basic principles of The Theory of Comfort. The health care needs, nursing interventions, and intervening variables all work in cooperation to become enhanced comfort. Enhanced comfort then leads to health seeking behaviors. The facility or company who has in use best policies and best practices will then be able to promote and relate health seeking behaviors utilizing those policies and practices. Health seeking behaviors then have the ability to become internal and external behaviors which can lead to greater health. The health seeking behaviors may also lead to a peaceful death, (The Comfortliners, 2010) as this is the goal of hospice nursing and the Theory of Comfort has been utilized in hospice nursing (Vendlinski Kolcaba, 1997). This concept is much easier to visualize than read. In order to evaluate the success of achieving comfort Katherine Kolcaba has developed a table or taxonomic structure to document comfort. On the left side of the chart are four rows labeled, physical, psychospiritual, environmental, and social, (Tomey Alligood, 2002) which are the context for which comfort occurs. The three columns on top are the types of comfort, relief, ease, and transcendence, (Tomey Alligood, 2002). Kolcaba defines relief as the stated of having had a specific need met or mediated, ease is, the state of calm and contentment, and transcendence is, the state in which one rises above problems or pain, (Kolcaba, 2001). When evaluating a patients comfort the nurse fills in the twelve empty squares with what action helps to achieve that level of comfort. Theory Evaluation Significance Comfort is a massively important concept of nursing and The Theory of Comfort is designed to bring comfort to patients. The diagrammed conceptual model provides the simplest explanation for the theory. The metaparadigm concepts are not clearly defined by Katherine Kolcaba; however she does clearly states the philosophical claim and its concepts. The conceptual framework and antecedent knowledge is minimally defined within her work, but they are acknowledged and cited. Internal consistence The content and context reflect each other nicely as they are both centered around holistic comfort, however the clarity throughout the theory is minimal. The six propositions of The Theory of Comfort are clearly stated by Katherine Kolcaba. The six propositions flow consistently to outline the theory well. The assumptions are clearly stated and are consistent with comfort and treating the patient holistically. The theory is reciprocal as all parts are dependent on the others for success. Parsimony Throughout The Theory of Comfort there is minimal clarity. The propositions and the conceptual diagram are the clearest components of the work. The theory would be more understandable if it were stated more simply. Testability The Theory of Comfort does not have a very specific evaluation processes aside from the taxonomic structure that the nurse fills in by documenting what implementations help to achieve comfort, which was previously mentioned. However with regular nursing assessments the nurse will know if comfort has been achieved, either objectively or subjectively. The best way to measure comfort rather a nurse is utilizing this theory or not is to frequently ask and objectively assess a patient and notice nonverbal indications of pain. As with any high middle range theory, The Theory of Comfort is very abstract and proves difficult to measure results in a definitive method. Empirical adequacy The Theory of Comfort has been adapted to several different fields of nursing aside from its original focus of dementia care. Perianesthesia nursing has adapted this theory to help patients especially by utilizing the table to document different methods of obtaining comfort. It has also lead nurses in this scope of practice to realize the importance of education (Kolcaba Wilson, 2002). The theory has also been utilized by hospice nurses, this is the ideal scope of nursing to utilize this theory. It has provided hospice nurses with a broader outlook on how to provide holistic comfort to their dying patients (Vendlinski Kolcaba, 1997). Pragmatic adequacy The Theory of Comfort is a very practical concept as everyone feels better when they are comfortable. Patients and families are more able and willing to absorb information when they are comfortable and focused. This theory provides simple steps to ensure comfort is being delivered. The Theory of Comfort encourages nurses to think more deeply about rather or not their patient is comfortable, along with what is causing discomfort and what is promoting comfort. It also encourages nurses to document the variation of methods in which a patient becomes comfortable in different settings. A basic nursing knowledge such as an associates degree is necessary for utilizing this theory, however in order to understand the written theory in its entirety a more advanced knowledge level proves to be a necessity.

Surgical Treatment For Morbid Obesity Essay -- Overweight Obese Resear

According to the World Health Organization, globally there are now more than 1 billion overweight adults, and at least 300 million of them are obese. During the last 40 years, obesity has reached epidemic proportions. There are more obese people each year, and the severity is increasing. In the United States alone, 300,000 deaths are associated with obesity. Thesis: Many obese people fail diet after diet. For them, bariatric surgery is an option even though risks are involved (Flancbaum, et al. 7; Goodman par 3; â€Å"The Weight† par 2). Overview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obesity is climbing the charts as being a major killer of our population. This paper informs the reader on how bariatric surgery treats the severely obese. Focus is given on who should have bariatric surgery, how the surgery works, risks of bariatric surgery, and what the patient can expect. Bariatric surgery is reserved for people who have been unable to lose weight on professionally managed weight-loss programs and those with obesity-related conditions such as diabetes, or the risk of them. When surgery is an option for weight loss   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The best candidates for bariatric surgery are patients who have a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, or 35 or greater and associated obesity-related conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and sleep apnea (see figure 1.1, pg 8 & table 1, pg 6). In terms of pounds, qualifying for surgery estimates to being 100 pounds above ideal body weight. A patient must have also gone through some sort of organized weight loss program in the past, and failed to maintain weight loss (Flancbaum, et al.15). How surgery promotes weight loss Gastrointestinal surgery for obesity, also called bariatric surgery, alters the digestive process. The operations promote weight loss by closing off parts of the stomach to make it smaller. These procedures are referred to as restrictive procedures because they cut down on the amount of food the stomach can hold. These types of procedures are less common due to the complications involved (Flancbaum, et al. 27, 52). The most popular operations combine stomach restriction with a partial bypass of the small intestine. These procedures create a direct connection from the stomach to the lower segment of the small intestine, literally bypassing portions of the digestive tract that absorb calories and nutrients. These are known as malabsorp... ... relation to BMI* BMI  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obesity Category  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Health Risks Without Medical Problems  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Health Risks With Medical Problems Below 19  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Underweight  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slight  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Minimal 19-24  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Normal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  None  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Minimal 25-29  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overweight  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Minimal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Moderate 30-34  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obese  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Moderate  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  High 35-39  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Severely Obese  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  High  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Very High 40-49  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Morbidly Obese  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Very High  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extreme 50+  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Super Obese  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extreme  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Very Extreme * Classification based upon World Health Organization; see The Doctor’s Guide to Weight loss Surgery. Table 2: Weight Loss Surgery on Obesity-Related Conditions Condition  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Improved  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Completely Resolved Type II diabetes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  93 percent  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  89 percent Hypertension  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  90 percent  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  66 percent Abnormal blood lipids  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  85 percent  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  70 percent Sleep apnea  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  72 percent  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  40 percent See The Doctor’s Guide to Weight Loss Surgery. Table 3: Complications after Weight Loss Surgery   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RYGB  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  VBG Protein-calorie malnutrition  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 Micronutrient & vitamin deficiency  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10-20 percent  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Flancbaum L, Belsley S, Drake V, Colarusso T, Tayler E J Gastrointest Surg. 2006 Jul-Aug; 10(7):1033-7.

To be a counselor :: essays research papers

When coming to camp as a camper and a CIT, the two things that left the most lasting impression on me were having good times with people that I love and learning to live a more Christian life. I know that I am far from perfect, but I hope that I can be an example to my campersand show them by my actions how to live the Orthodox way. Even in the little things like leading evening prayers as a cabin, or being a guide as to what is appropriate to say or do, I pray that I will be able to show my campers how to best enjoy their time at the Village, and grow as Orthodox Christians. As a counselor, I anticipate being a member of an awesome group of people who can count on each other to assist in performing the tasks of the job, and to be there for one another whenever they need it. When I recently attended the OCF College Conference at the Village, I saw that a lot of the people who were counselors over the summer had become best friends and would do anything for each other. I couldn’t even begin to imagine what that must feel like since I was only at camp for two weeks while they spent nine or more weeks together building this unbreakable bond. I want to be able to be a part of that bond and offer everyone else on staff that same love, trust, and fellowship that they all share. If I become a counselor and I can accomplish the things I have just talked about with regards to the campers and the other staff, I believe that I will get everything I want out of my experience. I want to be closer to God. Where else can I go to be with hundreds of other Orthodox Christians who all want to help each other live the

The First Monster at Heorot in Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

The First Monster at Heorot in Beowulf When Grendel monstrously bursts into Heorot, tears down the heavy door with his beastly hands and instantly devours a Geatish warrior, it immediately tells us that the first climax of the epic Beowulf has arrived. As Beowulf carefully watches Grendel take action, Grendel reaches out to snatch Beowulf as his next meal. Surprised, Grendel becomes extremely frightened to discover that there is another being stronger than himself when Beowulf, using his vice-like grip, pulls Grendel’s arm from his socket. The monster, Grendel, howls with pain and runs out of Heorot leaving his blood-spattered arm still in Beowulf’s hands. An enormous celebration is thrown to record Beowulf’s victory by reciting and singing stories about the past kings. A Danish scop recites the story of Sigemund, a great hero who slays a horrible dragon. The dragon is a keeper of a treasure chest that Sigemund wins by slaying the dragon. The treasure won by Sigemund resembles the gold rewards earned by Beowulf from the ring-giver, King Hrothgar. This Norse myth is obviously recited at Beowulf’s celebration to compare both Sigemund’s and Beowulf's heroic acts. The Danish warriors want to show their appreciation to Beowulf with such mythology: â€Å"This man undertook with his art to recite in turn Beowulf’s exploit, and skillfully to tell an apt tale, to lend words to it† (Tuso 16). What is so remarkable about the epic Beowulf is that the narrator contrasts Beowulf's super-heroic accomplishments with Heremod. Heremod is known as an evil Danish king who turns against his own people. This is clearly a symbol of the reverse of Beowulf’s characteristics. By comparing and contrasting Beowulf to two different kings, the narrator is indicating that Beowulf will be king later in the epic. Yet we readers shouldn’t immediately think that Beowulf will be an evil or a good king. This leaves us to carefully observe more of Beowulf's character throughout Beowulf. During the celebration, King Hrothgar delivers an appreciation and dedication speech to Beowulf and his victory. From Hrothgar’s speech, we understand that he feels himself to be bound in a new relationship with Beowulf by his great service. He states, â€Å"Beowulf, best of men, in my heart I will love you as a son† (Tuso 17). Beowulf readers should start taking careful notice as King Hrothgar gradually becomes a mentor and a father-like figure to Beowulf. To some extent, Hrothgar even gives advice to Beowulf about how to act as an intelligent ruler through his own experience.

Massacre At Mystic

English Puritans assembled an alliance. They all had one goal; eradicate the most powerful tribe in southern New England, The Opaque Tribe. They began conflicting over property, warfare, division of labor and nature. The English thought the Puritan men were lazy because the women did all the cooking and gardening. The alliance made a deal to not harm women or children. On that night, the group, led by John Mason, snuck to the Opaque village, with the Intent to kill the men.The Opaque forces were too strong. The puritans then decided to burn the village, with the Bouquets Inside. Hundreds of Bouquets were killed, as well as some Englishmen, others were sold Into slavery. This, In turn, harmed the elderly, men, women, and children. The massacre was a tragic event that had forever changed America for the natives. The English believed that the only way of life, was their way of life. Their goal was western expansion. The Natives, unfortunately for the English, controlled all of the weste rn land. Puritans manipulated native enemies into killing one another.A systematic idea of killing all Bouquets began only a few weeks later. As a result, the Opaque tribe was considered extinct, even though little remained. The English hoped the few remaining would forget their ways. The Narragansett Tribe, approximately eighty years later, was destroyed in the King Philips War. The final Bouquets reemerged in Connecticut on a reservation appointed by the government. The land was difficult for survival due to insufficient soil and many other factors. Their reservation became smaller and smaller as the English began to take the land for arsenal use or for money.The Puritans goal of wiping out the Opaque Tribe was almost a success. Nearly three hundred years later, only three Opaque remained. They were all elderly women, living alone on the reservation. The women intended to restore the native tribe. Eventually, the land was returned to the Opaque group. The reservation was considere d a separate country from the United States. No taxes were enforced, in fact, none were created at all. There was a government and police force established. Enhancement Opaque Museum is a museum that tells of all the vents the occurred in the history of the tribe.The Pesto's main source of prosperity was the casino they built. It Is still, to this day, the largest casino In the United States. Nevertheless the Opaque Tribe still engages In the same rituals and old traditions practiced before the massacre. They still condemned mistrust and suspicion since the massacre. As of today the Opaque Tribe Is still considered nonexistent. Although some do not consider the Opaque as an active tribe, It Is notorious for their great recovery of the ancient ways and legends of the group.The Puritans we not effected by their expedition because they were under the Impression they were doing good. The tragic event eventually caused prosperity although many lives were taken. If the Puritans had not do ne this though, America would be a completely different place. The incident did, in fact, change American history and America today. BY Ian-11234 On May 26th, 1637, a group of Narragansett and Monica Native Americans along led by John Mason, snuck to the Opaque village, with the intent to kill the men. The the Bouquets inside.Hundreds of Bouquets were killed, as well as some Englishmen, others were sold into slavery. This, in turn, harmed the elderly, men, women, and prosperity was the casino they built. It is still, to this day, the largest casino in the United States. Nevertheless the Opaque Tribe still engages in the same rituals and suspicion since the massacre. As of today the Opaque Tribe is still considered nonexistent. Although some do not consider the Opaque as an active tribe, it is Puritans we not effected by their expedition because they were under the impression

Cultural Models and Cultural Dimensions

ethnical Models and Cultural Dimensions (Hofstede) Cultural studies atomic number 18 non a unified sup smirch just a several(a) field of study of study encompassing m rough(prenominal) b mild approaches, methods and academic perspectives. As in any academic discipline, pagan studies academics frequently line of functioning among themselves. Cross-ethnical communication, as in umpteen scholarly fields, is a combination of many a nonher(prenominal) an(prenominal) other fields. These fields include anthropology, ethnical studies, psychology and communication.thither exists no uniform evaluation system or model of heathenish aspects to date. However, the variety of the available models much much than illustrates how multifaceted the approach shag be. Nevertheless, in that location atomic number 18 some common attri just nowes for the some cultural models such as paper of autotridge holder and space, equal (or non-equal) rights of men and women and position of the individual in the society. The some touristed cultural models come primarily from the communicatory lookes lobby (1989), Hofstede (1991), Oksaar (1988).Wierzbicka is famous for her playact in semantics, pragmatics, and plow-cultural linguistics and has complete the idea of so called Universal Human Concepts and their actualization in the language (Wierzbicka, 1992). Looking for an discriminate basis cultural model for this look a short equivalence of the close know models need to be done. The digressions acquire at the definition of nuance or pull down at revokeing any definition, at the objectiveness train (e. g. amount and homogeneousness of the interviewed persons) as well as at enjoyment of several(predicate) cultural proportionalitys.Table 6 contains a comparison in the midst of trinity most popular cultural models of Hofstede, Hall and Gesteland though the last mentioned should be touch on much than as a parade of a life experience in how to be take on in in business with advantage human racewide. Table 6 affinity of Cultural Models (Astapenko, 2008 92) This comparison demonstrates the lack of homogeneity of the search basis. turn the amount of the interviews done by Hall is comparatively high, he surveys hardly three countries. Gesteland on his hand does his seek without any statistics using his own experience.Comparing to this the cultural model of Hofstede is more proxy and homogeneous. He worked on interviews of IBM-employees in over 50 countries who t here(predicate)fore work in the kindred sector in comparable positions and subscribe a similar fond status. It is app arntly that either cultural model has to be approached with great caution and an un captious exercise of cultural marks emitlife lead to sour conclusions. But even if Hofstedes conceptualization of kitchen-gardening has attracted some criticism he is though one of the most renowned and most cited experts.The continuity of his qu eryes eject be discovered over decades and the approach of his scientific naturalise is still be employ and improved. Moreover, his enquiry approach establishes a connection to the ready prevention measures mentioned in Chapter 2. As his motley system will be apply to make a comparison of the knotty functions later in this chapter, it adds to the consistency of this root to explain his definition. Hofstede defines horti destination as the joint programming of the judicial decision that distinguishes the genus Phalluss of one chemical group or category of mickle from others (Hofstede et al. , 2010 6).Investigating elaboration is an attempt to catch full general trends among a large group of community on a actually general direct. and then, the findings in this report should not be applied on an individual level, as this may lead to miscommunication or even stigmatisation. There atomic number 18 different levels of culture (national, regional, ethnic, religious , gender, social class or even organisational level) nevertheless regarding Transferability of Road Safety measures the national level was suggested to be the subject for further research. rigorously speaking, the concept of a common culture applies to societies, not to nations.Based on elaborate research from 1967 to 1973, Hofstede developed a model that tries to nonplus culture through gain ground on quaternary lever, so-called cultural dimensions (given be down in the mouth). afterward researches added further dimensions which idlernot be fully evaluated here due to other focuses in this work out. The fuck description of the cultural dimensions after cave in be found on the website (Hofstede, 2011). The four of import(prenominal) dimensions harmonise to Hofstede argon Power aloofness Index (PDI) the accomplishment to which the less mightily members of organizations and institutions ( comparable the family) accept and stomach that supply is distributed unequal ly.Individualism (IDV) the percentage load to which individuals are structured into groups. masculinity (MAS) refers to the statistical distribution of roles and value between the genders. The women in female countries have the same modest, machineing values as the men in the manful countries they are somewhat assertive and competitive, but not as much as the men, so that these countries fate a first step between mens values and womens values. suspicion scheme Index (UAI) a societys gross profit margin for un surety and am freeuity. Based on the values for these dimensions of the 19 atomic number 63an countries for which cultural dimension pretends are available, an median(a) atomic number 63an score was careful. After a comparison between Europe, India and brazil based on the official study data from Hofstede the research for metropolitan areas of Sao Paulo and Delhi which was done for this get off the groundicular project by the local partners using the question naire of Hofstede is being presented.On the basis of its results the project partners awareness of the cultural differences and similarities between brazil nut, India and Europe should be alter in order to assume them during the ecstasy of European Safety measures to Emerging Economies. This al pitiables to avoid misunderstandings and to exclude from the beginning those measures which potbellynot be transferred due to cultural reasons. 1. 1. 1. equality of Cultural Dimensions of Europe, brazil nut and IndiaA first issue that arises when comparing the regions that are cooperating in SaferBraIn is the difference in abstract levels how should one compare the cultures of two countries (India and brazil) with the culture of a continent (Europe)? Having some brainwave in the European states cultures, it is safe to joint that signifi targett differences sess be storied between the European member states. Therefore an average European score was calculated based on a numerical ana lysis of Hofstedes cultural dimension scores. flush if in that location are in some cases crucial differences between European countries like Italy and Germany, Spain and Sweden, this average score allows comparing the cultures of Europe, India and brazil-nut tree. The neighboring figure presents the scores on the four dimensions for these three regions. It must be in a bad management(p) at this stage that it is not the authors intention to make hard statements well-nigh cultures. As was indicated before, Hofstedes research enkindle barely be employ to describe general trends in the average culture of a coun hear. This should under no circumstances be translated to an individual level. accede 20 Comparison of Europe-India-brazil nut on Hofstedes 4 cultural dimensions attend 20 indicates that the power distance is relatively large in India and Brazil, compared to Europe. This could mean that individuals in these two countries operate in a more hierarchical system. Following Hofstedes definition, hierarchy in India and Brazil is not only accepted, it is also expected. It may be interesting to keep this in mind when analyzing the corresponding traffic systems and when designing wings to be implemented in these two countries.Especially concerning the enforcement of safe measures, the grueling power orientation influences its exercising. It is known that Brazil and India already have many alley facilities and road safe measures but they are not proper used by population. Due to that stronger enforcement measures are required to improve the acceptance of saucy technologies and facilities. ane can also notice that Europe appears to have a more individualist culture than India and Brazil. This run forency toward individualism can be found in several(prenominal) Western countries. The United States of America for example, have a score of 91 on Hofstedes scale.Individualist cultures rely more on media and less on their social networks. antithetical s urveys demonstrate that in an individualist culture employees are expected to act at their own responsibility and organise their work gathering their own interests with those of their employers. In a left-winger culture an employee is a part of a group and has to act fit in to its interest. This should be considered cooperating in pilot projects for SaferBraIn. Moreover, collectivist cultures tend to have high power distance that individualist ones.So a strong hierarchy and acceptance of higher positioned partners can be pre speculate working with India and Brazil. Considering assailable road users a health-care survey mentioned by Hofstede showed that individualist and collectivist cultures differently deal with disability. A special part of the survey was employ to disabled children. In the individualist communities , people with disabilities tended to remain cheerful and optimistic, to resent colony and being helped, and to plan for a incoming life as normal as possible.In the collectivist communities , there would be more expression of grief, shame, and pessimism family members would be asked for advice and assistance, and they would make the main decisions about the persons proximo (Hofstede, 2010 116). Translating this finding to the SaferBraIn project, it can be supposed that collectivist cultures like India and Brazil would not have sophisticated facilities for disabled VRUs and these persons would not be well integrated in the society. This could be and then a useful part of the sanctuary measures? ransfer though the awareness of local partners cannot be assumed. The scores on the masculinity dimension show the smallest differences between the investigated regions. The scores are about 50-60 which can be interpreted as a quite balanced value between masculinity and femininity in the compared countries. However, one can notice that Europe has the highest score. A thorough look at Hofstedes full definition for this dimension could interpret i t as follows Europe has a more assertive culture overall than India and Brazil, piece India and Brazil have a slenderly more modest culture.In sex act to this report, it may be important to bulwark these cultures higher need for modesty. Even if the masculinity dimensions scores are really(prenominal) different inwardly Europe, the average score demonstrates the prevailing masculine character. In masculine societies there is a feeling that conflicts should be firm by a good advertize, where challenge, earnings, recognition, and advancement are important, whereas in powder-puff cultures there is a p persona for declaration conflicts by compromise and negotiation pore on relationships.Since the scores difference for surveyed countries are minimal, this dimension cannot evoke critical misunderstandings within SaferBraIn project. Finally, the level of doubt Avoidance (UA) shows strong differences between the three regions. Though, UA is not the same as bump escape and t hese two concepts should not be mixed. take a chance is focused on something specific and refers on a known and expected event. Avoiding risk we prevent something what we can foresee and not what is completely unpredictable.Hence, it would be incorrect to purpose that showing a relatively low level of UA, a potentially higher sentiency for risk taking can be assumed for India. Cultures with high Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) like Brazil or to a lesser extent Europe shun ambiguous situations and try to prevent them with more laws, rules, and regulations. Brazil has more law schools than all countries in the world together. There are 1,240 higher preparation courses for the training of lawyers in the dry land while the rest of the planet comes to about 1,100 universities (CNJ, 2010).Cultures with low UAI like India believe that many problems can be solved without formal rules and that the latter should be established only in case of absolute necessity. Paradoxically in countr ies with weak UA where rules are less stimulate they are often better followed. Translating these findings to the needs of SaferBraIn even when European experts can expect hindered possibilities for Road Safety measures enforcement due to low legacy level in India they can presuppose their better acceptance. On the contrary in Brazil it is assumed that every measure would first need a legal regulation.However, in countries with strong UA laws can fulfil a need for credential even when they are not followed. another(prenominal) finding done by Hofstede that is pertinent for SaferBraIn shows an interesting correlation between the attitude of UA and the maximum speeds allowed in the country. The relationship is imperious stronger uncertainty avoidance direction high-speed driving. Faster driving, other things being equal, meat more fatal accidents, thus more risk. However, this is a familiar risk, which uncertainty-avoiding cultures do not mind running.Their emotionality provide s them with a sense of stress, of urgency, which in turn leads to wanting to grounds faster. The higher speed limits in stronger uncertainty-avoidance countries show, in fact, a priority of saving time over saving lives (Hofstede, 2010 198). 1. 1. 2. Cultural look into for metropolitan areas in Brazil and India Brazil and India are countries of contrasts concerning climate, geography, income distribution, and educational level of its people. Because of the transmutation we cannot consider that knowing the countrys culture we also know cultural dimensions of its metropolitan areas.For this reason the Hofstede? s supposition of Cultural Dimensions using the interviews based on his questionnaire was applied in Sao Paulo city and Delhi the big metropolises which can be compared in their supplement and live rhythm and in which the use of western experience can be assumed. Local partners (IMR for Brazil and A+S for India) have initiated interviews of about 200 people each in Sao Pau lo and Delhi to have representative scores for these metropolitan areas. Of course, analogue researches can be done for every region or city where the transfer of pencil eraser measures is planned.The detailed information to the results of these researches can be found in Annexes 6 and 7. Though, the difficulties with the questionnaire are worth to be shortly mentioned at this point. Although questionnaires in local languages (Portuguese and Hindi) were used, the interviewees in India could not always interpret question unambiguously. It was established especially dealing with move and lower middle class that a certain level of education is affordable for the answers. many another(prenominal) easy understandable issues from the European point of view needed to be explained.In contrary, the upper-class representatives preferred to use the English interpreting of the questionnaire. The main outcomes of the research are the differences between Individualism (IDV) and Uncertainty A voidance (UAI) scores. For Brazil also the Masculinity (MAS) score features diverse scores. Power Distance Index (PDI) stiff very similar in Brazil and India for both country average and metropolitan area ( cypher 21). Figure 21 Comparison PDI incl. Sao Paulo and Delhi As mentioned before countries with high PDI tend to have well-built hierarchical relations within the society and need strong enforcement.Concerning exhausting of helmets to protect two-wheelers, Error Reference inauguration not found. should be studied. Following the law, the ride driver is wearing a helmet. At the same time more susceptible passengers (two children and the lady) are not protected. Hence, only the stronger member of the family, having more power, is protected. Figure 22 utilise helmet on motorcycle in India IDV (Figure 23) shows very high divergence between the country average and metropolitan area in both Brazil and India.Though, the development goes in both countries in confrontation directi ons. While the inhabitants of Sao Paulo turn out to be extremely individualistic the population in Delhi tends to more collectivism. Figure 23 Comparison IDV incl. Sao Paulo and Delhi With reference to the assumption in Chapter 4. 3. 2 according the interrelation between the individualism score and the treating of disabled following examples can be used due to motivate this assumption. Delhi roads are equipped with convenient, wide footpaths.Though, the level of most kerbs on Delhi roads is inconveniently high (Figure 24). This prompts pedestrians to walk along the wayside especially when they have physical problems in climbing high step. Figure 24 High kerbs in India However, in new-fangled projects like the Rapid Bus Corridor (RBC) in Delhi a segregated and safe corridor for pedestrians and non-motorized persuade is provided. Also for the VRU with disabilities special facilities like dropped kerbs, low floor buses or platform-bus adjustment are provided.In the City of Sao P aulo, where the individuality score is very high, dropped kerbs and tactile pavements are applied on most major junctions in the amalgamated part of the road system (Figure 25). Figure 25 Tactile pavements in Sao Paulo other example for extremely low IDV in Delhi is the unspoken rule to never baffle the roadway alone. They always wait to gather a group of some persons and cross the passageway in a herd feeling safer as a part of a group and providing counterweight to motored traffic (Figure 26).Figure 26 Crossing the street in Delhi Traffic rules require motorists to wind up once a pedestrian steps on the zebra crossing. Practically this rule is not being followed, and crossing busy roads at zebra crossings is as dangerous for pedestrians as elsewhere. Pedestrians cross roads either in larger groups or whenever opportunity occurs. Concerning Masculinity score the research shows that Sao Paulo has a very high MAS (Figure 27), even higher that the European average. Therefore a conclusion can be drawn that the society of Sao Paulo is more oriented on financial recognition, earning and challenges.Possessing a big and expensive car centre to be more powerful and respected. For this reason VRU have to subordinate whether crossing the street or waiting for a car blocking the footpath while store or property. However, when a pedestrian shows his power by stepping to the road and focusing at once and self-confident on the driver he will be accepted and the car will let him cross the street. Figure 27 Comparison MAS incl. Sao Paulo and Delhi In Delhi even having an expensive do not mechanically means to be more powerful.These cars can be scratched and damaged the same way as a simple rickshaw. Even animals are seen as the most vulnerable road users and are equal to others. These facts are related to the very low IDV which means that this society is relationship-oriented and tries to solve conflicts by compromise. sympathetic to IDV the tendency of the score for UAI develops in the opposite direction between the country average and metropolitan area (Figure 28). In Brazil it is drastically decreasing for Sao Paulo, in India it is slightly increasing for Delhi.It can be therefore concluded that in Sao Paulo new safety measures being to a certain stop always ambiguous would be easier accepted. On the contrary, in Delhi more enforcement and education measures would be needed to promote acceptance of new safety measures. Figure 28 Comparison UAI incl. Sao Paulo and Delhi To sum up the research has identify several crucial differences between the countries? scores and the scores for metropolitan areas. It is important to consider it when talking about transferability of road safety measures or working on pilot projects.